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Introduction: Thyroid cancer is reported as the most rapidly increasing and third-most common cancer among females. This study aimed to evaluate the data related to thyroid cancer in Kermanshah, Iran, for the first time. Materials and Methods: The data of thyroid cancers were obtained between March 2008 and March 2017. Tumors were classified into four groups: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic; age was divided into two groups (<45 years and ≥45 years); and tumor size was divided into three groups (≤2, 2–4, and >4 cm) according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for patients: Thyroid cancer, version 1, 2017. Results: A total of 296 thyroid cancer patients with the mean age of 41.1 years, 75% of whom were female, were studied. Most patients (89%) had papillary thyroid cancer. Of all patients, 8.8%, 21.3%, 20.6%, 27%, 5.7%, and 16.9% of patients had extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, capsular invasion, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, distant metastasis, and goiter, respectively. With regard to the stage, 82.4% of patients had Stage I. There were significant differences between the two genders in the mean age and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. There were significant differences between the two age groups in sex and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In addition, there were significant differences between tumor size group and laterality and vascular invasion. Conclusions: The mean age and female/male ratio in this study were similar to those of other areas of Iran. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common kind of thyroid cancer in Iran. In addition, more attention should be paid to the role of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Iranian patients with thyroid cancer in the future.
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