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An official publication of the Middle-Eastern Association for Cancer Research
Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal
ISSN Print: 2278-1668, Online: 2278-0513
ARTICLE
Year: 2016   |   Volume: 5   |   Issue: 2   |   Page: 99-102     View issue

Periodontal disease and smoking: An overview


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Abstract

The role of tobacco smoking as a causative factor in the development of the periodontal disease has long been debated and recently a large number of papers have been published in the literature regarding this symbiosis. Smoking also gives an encouraging environment for microbes in the mouth such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans because the by-products of smoking prevent the mechanisms that limit the growth of harmful bacteria in the oral cavity. Thus, smoking promotes early stages of periodontal disease. Smoking in the form of cigars and pipes have similar deleterious effects that cigarettes do on oral health. Much of the literature has also showed that smokers affected with periodontitis respond less favorably to periodontal treatment be it nonsurgical and surgical. In this paper, we have reviewed the effects of smoking on various aspects of the periodontal disease process.

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Vancouver
Shah A, Batra M, Baba I, Saima S, Yousuf A. Periodontal disease and smoking: An overview. Clin Cancer Investig J. 2016;5(2):99-102. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-0513.177132
APA
Shah, A., Batra, M., Baba, I., Saima, S., & Yousuf, A. (2016). Periodontal disease and smoking: An overview. Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal, 5(2), 99-102. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-0513.177132

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ISSN Print: 2278-1668, Online: 2278-0513